STRUCTURE OF
DAMS
A dam is a hydraulic structure of
fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its
upstream side for impounding water for various purposes.
These purposes may be Irrigation,
Hydro-power, Water-supply, Flood Control, Navigation, Fishing and Recreation.
Dams may be built to meet the one of the above purposes or they may be
constructed fulfilling more than one.
Based
on the functions of dam, it can be classified as follows:
Storage dams: They are constructed to store water during the rainy season when there
is a large flow in the river. Many small dams impound the spring runoff for
later use in dry summers. Storage dams may also provide a water supply, or
improved habitat for fish and wildlife. They may store water for hydroelectric
power generation, irrigation or for a flood control project. Storage dams are
the most common type of dams and in general the dam means a storage dam unless
qualified otherwise.
Diversion dams: A diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of diverting water of
the river into an off-taking canal (or a conduit). They provide sufficient
pressure for pushing water into ditches, canals, or other conveyance systems.
Such shorter dams are used for irrigation, and for diversion from a stream to a
distant storage reservoir. A diversion dam is usually of low height and has a
small storage reservoir on its upstream. The diversion dam is a sort of storage
weir which also diverts water and has a small storage. Sometimes, the terms
weirs and diversion dams are used synonymously.
Detention dams: Detention dams are constructed for flood control. A detention dam
retards the flow in the river on its downstream during floods by storing some
flood water. Thus the effect of sudden floods is reduced to some extent. The
water retained in the reservoir is later released gradually at a controlled
rate according to the carrying capacity of the channel downstream of the
detention dam. Thus the area downstream of the dam is protected against flood.
Debris dams: A debris dam is constructed to retain debris such as sand, gravel, and
drift wood flowing in the river with water. The water after passing over a
debris dam is relatively clear.
Coffer dams: It is an enclosure constructed around the construction site to exclude
water so that the construction can be done in dry. A cofferdam is thus a temporary dam constructed for facilitating construction. A
coffer dam is usually constructed on the upstream of the main dam to divert
water into a diversion tunnel (or channel) during the construction of the dam.
When the flow in the river during construction of the dam is not much, the site
is usually enclosed by the coffer dam and pumped dry. Sometimes a coffer dam on
the downstream of the dam is also required.
STRUKTUR BENDUNGAN
Bendungan adalah struktur hidrolik dari bahan yang cukup
tahan dibangun di sungai untuk membuat reservoir di sisi hulu untuk menampung air
digunakan berbagai keperluan.
Pembangunan
ini bertujuan untuk Irigasi, PLTA, Penampungan Air,
Pengendalian Banjir, Navigasi, Perikanan dan Rekreasi. Bendungan dapat dibangun
untuk memenuhi salah satu tujuan di atas atau mereka dapat dibangun memenuhi
lebih dari satu.
Berdasarkan
fungsi bendungan, dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut:
Bendungan Penyimpanan: Mereka
dibangun untuk menyimpan air selama musim hujan ketika ada aliran besar di
sungai. Banyak bendungan kecil mengandangkan limpasan air untuk digunakan di
musim panas yang kering. bendungan penyimpanan juga dapat menyediakan pasokan
air, atau meningkat habitat untuk ikan dan satwa liar. Mereka dapat menyimpan
air untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga air, irigasi atau untuk proyek pengendalian
banjir. bendungan penyimpanan adalah jenis yang paling umum dari bendungan dan
secara umum bendungan berarti bendungan penyimpanan kecuali memenuhi syarat
sebaliknya.
Bendungan Pengalihan: Sebuah
bendungan pengalihan dibangun untuk tujuan mengalihkan air dari sungai ke kanal
off-mengambil (atau saluran a). Mereka memberikan tekanan yang cukup untuk
mendorong air ke selokan, kanal, atau sistem alat angkut lainnya. bendungan
lebih pendek tersebut digunakan untuk irigasi, dan untuk pengalihan dari aliran
ke reservoir penyimpanan yang jauh. Sebuah bendungan pengalihan biasanya tinggi
rendah dan memiliki reservoir penyimpanan kecil di hulu. Pengalihan bendungan
adalah semacam bendung penyimpanan yang juga mengalihkan air dan memiliki
penyimpanan kecil. Kadang-kadang, istilah bendung dan bendungan pengalihan
digunakan secara sinonim.
Bendungan Penahanan: bendungan
Penahanan dibangun untuk pengendalian banjir. Sebuah bendungan penahanan
menghambat aliran di sungai di hilir selama banjir dengan menyimpan air banjir.
Jadi efek dari banjir tiba-tiba dikurangi sampai batas tertentu. Air
dipertahankan dalam reservoir kemudian dirilis secara bertahap pada tingkat
yang terkendali sesuai dengan daya dukung saluran hilir bendungan penahanan.
Dengan demikian daerah hilir bendungan dilindungi terhadap banjir.
Bendungan Puing: Sebuah bendungan puing-puing dibangun untuk mempertahankan puing-puing seperti pasir, kerikil, dan drift kayu mengalir di sungai dengan air. Air setelah melewati bendungan puing-puing relatif jelas.
Bendungan Puing: Sebuah bendungan puing-puing dibangun untuk mempertahankan puing-puing seperti pasir, kerikil, dan drift kayu mengalir di sungai dengan air. Air setelah melewati bendungan puing-puing relatif jelas.
Peti bendungan: Ini adalah
kandang dibangun di sekitar lokasi pembangunan untuk mengecualikan air sehingga
pembangunan dapat dilakukan dalam kering. Sebuah cofferdam demikian bendungan
sementara dibangun untuk memfasilitasi konstruksi. Sebuah bendungan peti
biasanya dibangun di hulu bendungan utama untuk mengalihkan air ke dalam
terowongan pengalihan (atau saluran) selama pembangunan bendungan. Ketika
aliran di sungai selama konstruksi bendungan tidak banyak, situs biasanya
tertutup oleh bendungan peti dan dipompa kering. Kadang-kadang bendungan peti
di hilir bendungan juga diperlukan.
STRUCTURE
SENTENCES WITH 5W1H
What
: What do you know about dams structure?
Answer: A
dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river
to createa reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various
purposes.
Who : Who
designed the structural of building ?
Answer:
The structural of building was
designed by civil engineer
Where : Where are they planning and building storage
dams?
Answer:
They
are constructed to store water during the rainy season when there is a large
flow in the river. Many small dams impound the spring runoff for later use in
dry summers.
When : When
do you appliy diversion dams?
Answer: A
diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of diverting water of the river
into an off-taking canal or a conduit. They provide sufficient pressure for
pushing water into ditches, canals, or other conveyance systems.
Why : Why does dam need to be made?
Answer : because These purposes may be
Irrigation, Hydro-power, Water-supply, Flood Control, Navigation, Fishing and
Recreation. Dams may be built to meet the one of the above purposes or they may
be constructed fulfilling more than one.
How : How
is the dam constructed?
Answer: A debris dam is constructed to retain
debris such as sand, gravel, and drift wood flowing in the river with water.
The water after passing over a debris dam is relatively clear.
SENTENCES
VERBAL SENTENCES (PAST TENSE)
1. Storage dams are the most common type of dams
Subject
+ to be +
verb2
2. Such shorter dams are used for irrigation
Subject
+ to be +
verb2
3. Diversion dams are used synonymously.
Subject
+ to be +
verb2
Tenses : Simple Present Tense (Active)
1. They contruc a diversion dam for the purpose civil engineer constructs
Subject + to
be + verb 1
2. They may storer water for
hydroelectric power generation
Subject + to be + verb 1
3.
They provide sufficient
pressure for pushing water into ditches
Subject +to be + vwerb 1
Tenses : Simple
Present Tense (Passive)
1.
A
diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of diverting water
Subject + to be + verb
3
2.
Water
for may be storage by them
Subject + to be + verb
3
3.
Sufficient
pressure is provided by them
Subject + to be + verb
3
NOMINAL
SENTENCES
1.
A
dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly
impervious material
Subject + to be +
adverb
2.
A
diversion dam is usually of low height
Subject + to
be +
adverb
3.
The
diversion dam is a sort of storage weir
Subject + to be +
adverb
4. The water after passing over a debris dam is relatively clear
Subject + to
be +
adverb
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